غديّة Hashimoto's Syndrome

#1 Nov, 15 2005, 14:41

* Synonyms
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's Disease
Lymphadenoid Goiter
Struma Lymphomatosa
Goitrous Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Related Disorders*
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related Disorders section of this report:
Subacute Thyroiditis
Riedel's Thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism
Graves Disease
*General Discussion
Hashimoto's Syndrome is a form of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. It is a progressive disease of the thyroid that will eventually destroy the thyroid gland and cause a lack of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism).
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Symptoms*
Hashimoto's Syndrome is thought to be the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism. Patients complain of painless enlargement of the thyroid gland or fullness in the throat. It causes a non-tender lump (goiter). This abnormal lump on the front of the neck is smooth or nodular, firm and more rubbery in consistency than the normal thyroid. Thyroid function blood studies initially fall within the normal limits, until the disease has progressed sufficiently to cause the lack of thyroid hormone.
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Causes*
The exact cause of Hashimoto's Syndrome is not known. It may be an autoimmune disorder caused by infiltration of the thyroid gland with lymphocytes (white blood cells), resulting in the progressive destruction of the thyroid gland and eventually causing hypothyroidism. Autoimmune diseases begin when the body's natural defenses against disease, such as antibodies, lymphocytes, etc., attack healthy tissue for unknown reasons.
There may be a genetic predisposition to develop Hashimoto's Syndrome. The gene may be inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. Human traits including the classic genetic diseases are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal gene and resulting in the appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50 percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
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*Affected Populations
Hashimoto's Syndrome can occur in men and women at any age, but is most frequently seen in women between the ages of 30 and 50. A family history of thyroid disorders is common. The incidence is increased in patients with chromosomal disorders including Turner's, Down's and Klinefelter's syndromes. (For more information about these disorders, choose "Turner", "Down" and "Klinefelter" as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database.)
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*Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Hashimoto's syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Subacute Thyroiditis is a relatively common inflammation of the thyroid. It usually occurs about 2 weeks after a viral infection such as a viral pharyngitis (sore throat), mumps or measles. There is severe pain and tenderness over the thyroid area associated with difficulty in swallowing. Blood studies will show a low level of thyroid hormone. Most cases are helped by analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs. Normal thyroid levels will eventually return.
Riedel's Thyroiditis is extremely rare. It is the abnormal formation of fibrous tissue involving the thyroid gland and surrounding areas. It presents itself as a hard, fixed and painless enlargement of the thyroid. The progressive destruction of the thyroid gland will eventually cause hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism can occur alone or as a symptom of another illness. Major symptoms may include the development of an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) in the neck, a dull facial expression, puffiness and swelling around the eyes, drooping eyelids, thinning hair, excessive fatigue, and weight gain. Mental functioning may or may not be affected. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Hypothyroidism" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Graves's Disease is a disease affecting the thyroid gland. It is thought to occur as a result of an imbalance in the immune system. This disorder causes increased thyroid secretion (hyperthyroidism), enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter), protrusion of the eyeballs, and weight loss. Some individuals have both Hashimoto's Disease and Grave's Disease at the same time. For more information on this disorder, choose "Grave" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
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*Standard Therapies
Treatment of Hashimoto's Syndrome consists of replacing thyroid hormone in the body. This will alleviate the symptoms and produce a marked reduction in the gland size within 2 to 4 weeks. Once thyroid hormone has been started, it should be continued for life, since it is unlikely that the disease will regress spontaneously.
Thyroxine is used for treatment of Hashimoto's Syndrome. This drug may decrease the size of the goiter.
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Investigational Therapies*
Studies have been done to examine the effectiveness of using the drug, levothyroxine, in treating hypothyroidism associated with Hashimoto's Syndrome. Patients were given this drug for a year and then taken off it to determine what, if any, affect this would have on their hypothyroid statuses. It is hoped that the drug may stimulate remission of hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's Syndrome. A one year trial with a careful withdrawal of levothyroxine is recommended for selected patients.
Researcher are studying the genetics of Graves Disease and Hashimoto's Syndrome. For more information, contact Human Biological Data Interchange Thyroid Disease Resource at (800) 835-6751.
NORD does not promote, endorse, nor encourage participation in any specific medical research study. This information is presented to further scientific understanding that could lead to the prevention, treatment, and/or cure of rare disorders. NORD recommends that anyone interested in participating in a clinical research program seek the advice or counsel of his or her own personal physician(s).
References

Try to know the right diagnosis	مقاربة مريض بألم مفصلي	نحتاج إلى مشرفين (للأقسام ولكل الموقع)
تعالوا نشخص التهاب الكبد B مصلياً	تقربر مفصل عن فحص الكيمياء العضوية العملي لطلاب ابو بكر

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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome	Adeeb	أمراض النسج حول السنية	5	Sep, 29 2006 17:23

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