خدو يا شباب هالكم سؤال وجواب عالماشي

1-What are the most commonly abused drugs in the United States?
Alcohol Prescription medications
Marijuana Tricyclic antidepressants
Cocaine Sedative-hypnotics
Phencyclidine (PCP) Narcotic analgesics
Heroin Anxiolytic agents
Diet aids

2-What are common causes of xerostomia?
• Advanced age
• Certain medications
• Radiation therapy
• Sjögren's syndrome

3-What are the most frequent causes of intraoral swelling?
The most frequent causes of intraoral swelling are infection and tumor.
4-. Why does Polly get parrotitis?
Too many crackers.

5- What are the major risk factors for oral cancer?
Tobacco and alcohol use are the major risk factors for the development of
oral cancer.
6-. What is the possible role of toluidine blue stain in oral diagnosis?
Because tolujdjne blue is a metachromatic nuclear stain, it has been
reported to be preferentially absorbed by dysplastic and cancerous epithelium.
Consequently, it has been used as a technique to screen oral lesions. The
technique has a reported false-positive rate of 9% and a false-negative rate of
5%.

7- What are the common clinical presentations of oral cancers?
The two most common clinical presentations for oral cancer are a
nonhealing ulcer or an area of leukoplakia, often accompanied by erythema.
8-. What percent of keratotic white lesions in the mouth are dysplastic
or cancerous?
Approximately 10% of such oral lesions are dysplastic or cancerous.

9. How long should one wait before obtaining a biopsy of an oral
ulcer?
Virtually all ulcers caused by trauma or aphthous stomatitis heal within 14
days of presentation. Consequently, any ulcer that is present for 2 weeks or more
should be biopsied.
10. What is the differential diagnosis of ulcers of the oral mucosa?
• Traumatic ulcer
• Aphthous stomatitis
• Cancer
• Tuberculosis
• Chancre of syphilis
• Noma
• Necrotizing sialometaplasia
• Deep fungal infection
11. Why is it a good idea to aspirate a pigmented lesion before
obtaining a biopsy?
Because pigmented lesions may be vascular in nature, prebiopsy aspiration
is prudent to pre vent hemorrhage.

4- Why does Polly get parrotitis?
Too many crackers.

I didn't get it, could you please explain it ?

11- Why is it a good idea to aspirate a pigmented lesion before
Obtaining a biopsy?
Because pigmented lesions may be vascular in nature, prebiopsy aspiration is prudent to prevent hemorrhage..

Regarding pigmented lesions, I would like to add some points:

as we studied, it's well known that during diagnosis of pigmented (blue or red) lesions, it's essential to achieve the (Blenching Test) by putting a glass slide on the lesion and depressing it firmly, if the lesion blenched, it is a vascular in origin, if not, consider the other types of pigmented lesions (nevus, melanotic, … etc).
And such test is helpful to prevent the haemorrhage during obtaining the biopsy of a pigmented lesion (i.e. to make sure it's not a vascular-originated lesion) or in the differential diagnosis of such lesions…

Thanks for your participation Dr Shadi.

Wesam..

عفوا وسام لا أستطيع أن أفسر لك شيء الآن لأنني مشغول وأعدك أن أشرح لك عندما تتوفر لي الإجابة بإذن الله