Nanotechnology To Cut Tooth Pain

Microscopic spheres could help dentists fill tiny holes in our teeth that cause dental hypersensitivity when the inner layer of dentine is exposed, reports the BBC

Preliminary research shows creating tiny nanospheres of a ceramic material called hydroxyapatite could be a long-term fix

The Leeds University work was presented to an Institute of Physics conference.
Dentine is made up of thousands of tiny fluid-filled channels which radiate outwards from the nerve endings at the centre of the tooth

Heat, some chemicals, and physical contact can cause the fluid in tubules radiating from the nerve endings at the centre of the tooth to move, triggering the nerve endings and causing sharp pain. If these tubules are fully or partially blocked, the flow can be reduced and the pain stopped or significantly reduced

Currently, the only way to treat this condition is through good dental hygiene - using special toothpastes and fluorine mouthwashes which encourage re-mineralization of the dentine coating

The Leeds team have found the most successful particle shape for filling these channels is a nanosphere

They are now trying to synthesize nanospheres of hydroxyapatite - a ceramic which is highly compatible with teeth and bone. It is already widely used for bone grafts or dental coatings because it binds strongly with the bone material

The researchers grew hydroxyapatite at various pH levels to vary the size of its constituent particles

At normal pH, it is composed of long rod-like structures but at high pH levels the particles become smaller and more rounded, better for fitting inside the tiny channels in teeth

To see whether nanospheres would be successful at filling the channels they used commercially available silica nanospheres of around 40nm in diameter.
Researcher Dr Jonathan Earl said, ‘We found these tiny spheres are really good at filling the channels in teeth, packing inside them quite evenly and going down the holes to a good depth. They'd be the perfect shape of particle for filling these channels and reducing or preventing the pain caused by sensitive teeth

The next stage of their research will be to work out how to synthesize nanospheres of hydroyapatite or a combination of hydroxyapatite and fluorine
In theory this would not only fill the holes, but also encourage re-mineralization at the same time and so be an incredibly powerful repair tool for dentists

A British Dental Association spokesperson said, ‘The results of this study appear interesting. The BDA looks forward so seeing further investigation in this area building on the conclusions of this research

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